When Beijing recalled twin giant pandas from Tokyo’s Ueno Zoo in January, it was the most visible sign yet of a Sino-Japanese relationship at its lowest point in years — driven by Tokyo’s plain talk on Taiwan. Beijing’s response has worked on two tracks: coercive pressure and the official language of “friendship” and “culture.”

As the Mid-Autumn Festival approached this September, the propaganda office of China’s Yunnan province organized nearly identical cultural galas in Hanoi and Phnom Penh — a window into how “friendship” and “culture” function as organizing principles of Chinese foreign policy in Southeast Asia.

When Beijing offered Swedish visitors visa-free access to “experience the real China,” it wasn’t hospitality — it was a message. Unpacking Sweden’s first foreign ministerial visit to China in a decade means reading what was not said, and who was not on the plane home.